Flash burn, also known as arc eye or welder’s flash, is a painful eye injury caused by exposure to intense ultraviolet (UV) Flash Burn. While it is most commonly associated with welding, it can also occur from sunlight reflecting off snow, sand, or water, and even from tanning beds. Though often temporary, flash burn can cause significant discomfort and, if repeated, may lead to long-term eye damage.
What Causes Flash Burn?
Flash burn occurs when the cornea, the transparent front layer of the eye, is damaged by UV radiation. Unlike visible light, UV rays can harm the cornea and conjunctiva without warning. Common causes include:
- Welding arcs: The high-intensity light from arc welding produces UV radiation capable of burning the eyes.
- Reflected sunlight: Snow, water, and other reflective surfaces can intensify UV exposure.
- Tanning lamps: Prolonged exposure to artificial UV light in tanning beds.
Even brief exposure can result in flash burn, making protective eyewear essential in high-risk activities.
Symptoms of Flash Burn
Symptoms usually appear several hours after exposure and may include:
- Severe eye pain or a gritty sensation
- Redness and swelling of the eyes
- Excessive tearing or watery eyes
- Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
- Blurred vision or temporary vision loss
- In severe cases, nausea or headache
Because symptoms can be delayed, it’s important to recognize exposure early and take preventive measures.
Prevention
Preventing flash burn is far easier than treating it. Key steps include:
- Wear protective eyewear: Use welding helmets, safety goggles, or sunglasses with UV protection.
- Limit direct exposure: Avoid staring at welding arcs, tanning lamps, or reflected sunlight.
- Use protective shields: Barriers or curtains can reduce UV exposure in workspaces.
- Be cautious around reflective surfaces: Snow, water, and sand can intensify UV radiation.
Consistent protection is especially important for workers who are regularly exposed to UV light.
Treatment
Most flash burns heal within 24–72 hours, but proper care can alleviate discomfort:
- Rinse the eyes with clean water to remove any debris.
- Use lubricating eye drops to soothe irritation.
- Apply cold compresses to reduce pain and swelling.
- Avoid rubbing the eyes, which can worsen damage.
- Medical treatment may include antibiotic eye drops or eye patching in severe cases.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist, worsen, or if there is significant vision loss.
When to See a Doctor
Immediate medical attention is necessary if you experience:
- Severe or increasing eye pain
- Blurred or lost vision
- Persistent redness or swelling
- Signs of infection, such as discharge
Early intervention can prevent long-term damage to the eyes.
Conclusion
Flash burn is a painful but preventable condition caused by intense ultraviolet light. Awareness of the causes, early recognition of symptoms, and consistent use of protective measures can safeguard your eyes. Whether you work with welding equipment, enjoy outdoor activities, or use tanning lamps, protecting your vision from UV radiation is crucial for long-term eye health.